Agricultural investments are crucial to improve productivity and to raise the incomes and food security of farmers and others alike. Investments by smallholder farmers themselves are the main source of agricultural investments, but another major source are domestic and international companies who are interested to invest in Myanmar’s agricultural sector. These investments create major opportunities for Myanmar’s majority smallholder farmers, but they can also pose threats to their livelihoods and natural environments. The objective of this research therefore is to increase understanding of the impact of corporate and small holder agriculture investments on food security and rural livelihoods in Myanmar.