The second Lao Census of Agriculture (LCA) in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) was carried out in 2011 and collected crop data for the wet season of 2011 and the dry season of 2010/11. The LCA 2010/11created an important and rich set of data on a wide range of key agricultural topics, with connections to related fields such as forestry, fisheries, infrastructure, and rural development. These data are immensely useful for decision-makers, researchers and project managers, among others, working in Lao PDR. However, the census data on their own can be challenging to interpret and use without contextual understanding, references to other related sources of data and information, and comparison with previous census data. In order to make the data accessible for a wide audience, it is necessary to provide initial analysis. It is for this reason that the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), with assistance from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), has produced this report, which analyses selected themes from the LCA 2010/11 and draws out some important changes that have taken place during recent years through comparisons with the previous LCA conducted in 1998/99.