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The context of REDD+ in Vietnam: Drivers, agents and institutions

Vietnam is acknowledged to be REDD+ pioneer country, having adopted REDD+ in 2009. This paper is an updated version of Vietnam’s REDD+ Country Profile which was first published by CIFOR in 2012. Our findings show that forest cover has increased since 2012, but enhancing, or even maintaining, forest quality remains a challenge. Drivers of deforestation and degradation in Vietnam, including legal and illegal logging, conversion of forest for national development goals and commercial agriculture, weak law enforcement and weak governance, have persisted since 2012 up to 2017. However, with strong political commitment, the government has made significant progress in addressing major drivers, such as the expansion of hydropower plants and rubber plantations. Since 2012, Vietnam has also signed important international treaties and agreements on trade, such as Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) through the European Union’s (EU) Forest Law Enforcement. These new policies have enhanced the role of the forestry sector within the overall national economy and provided a strong legal framework and incentives for forestuser groups and government agencies to take part in forest protection and development. Nevertheless, new market rules and international trade patterns also pose significant challenges for Vietnam, where the domestic forestry sector is characterized by state-owned companies and a large number of domestic firms that struggle to comply with these new rules. The climate change policies, national REDD+ strategy and REDD+ institutional setting has been refined and revised over time. However, uncertain and complex international requirements on REDD+ and limited funding have weakened the government’s interest in and political commitment to REDD+. REDD+ policies in Vietnam have shown significant progress in terms of its monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, forest reference emission levels (FREL), and performance-based and benefit-sharing mechanisms by taking into account lessons learnt from its national Payment for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) Scheme. Evidence also shows increasing efforts of government and international communities to ground forestry policies in a participatory decision-making processes and the progress on developing safeguarding policies in Vietnam between 2012 and 2017 affirms the government’s interest in pursuing an equitable REDD+ implementation. Policy documents have fully recognized the need to give civil society organizations (CSOs) and ethnic groups political space and include them in decision making. Yet, participation remains token. Government provision for tenure security and carbon rights for local households are still being developed, with little progress since 2012. The effectiveness of REDD+ policies in addressing drivers of deforestation and degradation has not be proven, even though the revised NRAP has recently been approved. However, the fact that drivers of deforestation and degradation are outside of the forestry sector and have a strong link to national economic development goals points to an uneasy pathway for REDD+. The business case for REDD+ in Vietnam has not been proven, due to an uncertain carbon market, increasing requirements from donors and developed countries, and high transaction and implementation costs. Current efforts toward 3Es outcomes of REDD+ could be enhanced by stronger political commitment to addressing the drivers of deforestation from all sectors, broader changes in policy framework that create both incentives and disincentives for avoiding deforestation and degradation, cross-sectoral collaboration, and committed funding from both the government and developed countries.

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စာတမ်းအမျိုးအစား Reports, journal articles, and research papers (including theses and dissertations)
စာရွက်စာတမ်း၏ ဘာသာစကား
  • အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား
ခေါင်းစဉ်အတို (မူရင်းခေါင်းစဉ်နှင့်မတူသောခေါင်းစဉ်) Occasional Paper 196
ခေါင်းစဉ်များ
  • Deforestation drivers
  • Forest policy and administration
  • Forest products
  • Forest protection
ပထဝီဧရိယာ (spatial range)
  • ဗီယက်နမ်
မူပိုင်ခွင့် Yes
ရယူခြင်းနှင့် အသုံးပြုခြင်း အကန့်အသတ်များ

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ပြင်ဆင်ချက် 2nd Edition
ခွင့်ပြုချက် Creative Commons Attribution
ဆက်သွယ်ရန်

CIFOR Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede Bogor Barat 16115 Indonesia T +62 (251) 8622-622 F +62 (251) 8622-100 E cifor@cgiar.org

ပူးတွဲရေးသားသူ (တစ်ဦးချင်းစီ) Pham TT, Hoang TL, Nguyen DT, Dao TLC, Ngo HC and Pham VH
ISBN နံပါတ် 978-602-387-121-6
ထုတ်ဝေသည့်နေရာ Bogor, Indonesia
ထုတ်ဝေသူ Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
ထုတ်ဝေသည့်ရက်စွဲ 2019
စာမျက်နှာခွဲ 59
အထွေထွေ မှတ်ချက်

Suggested citation: Pham TT, Hoang TL, Nguyen DT, Dao TLC, Ngo HC and Pham VH. 2019. The context of REDD+ in Vietnam: Drivers, agents and institutions 2nd edition. Occasional Paper 196. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

အဓိကစကားလုံးများ REDD+
တင်ခဲ့သည့်ရက်စွဲ နိုဝင်ဘာ 23, 2021, 05:56 (UTC)
ပြန်လည်ပြင်ဆင်သည့်ရက်စွဲ ဇန်နဝါရီ 31, 2022, 09:23 (UTC)