This paper focuses on human rights issues regarding online scam operations and their link to human trafficking in Southeast Asia since early 2021. The paper emphasizes the life of migrants who have been trafficked and were victims of human rights violations from scam operations, including romance-investment scams, crypto fraud, money laundering, and illegal gambling. Recommendations in response to this issue is provided and drawn from international human rights standards.

• ภาษาอังกฤษ