This briefing paper explores the relationship between biodiversity, human rights, society and business in Myanmar, with particular reference to the oil and gas, mining and tourism industries using the protect-respect-remedy framework of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. It aims to assist businesses who want to understand how their activities may adversely impact on biodiversity, and how this may in turn undermine their responsibility to respect human rights. It also aims to build awareness of how the loss of biodiversity has significant implications for the duty of the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar to protect human rights and its parallel obligations under international biodiversity conventions.